Attack helicopter
Камов Ka-50 "Черна акула" (Руски: Чёрная акула, обозначение на НАТО: Hokum A) е едноместен руски боен хеликоптер с отличителна съосна роторна система, разработен от конструкторското бюро Камов и предназначен за поразяване на бронетанкова и механизирана техника, въздуши цели и пехота. Създаден е през 80-те години на 20 век и е приет на въоръжение в Руската армия през 1995г.В момента се произвежда от компанията Прогрес в Арсениев.
Предназначение:
многоцелеви.
Двигател (и): 2 x ТВ3-117
Мощност: 2 x 2 198 к.с. (1 618 kW)
The Ka-50 is the production version of the V-80Sh-1 prototype. Production of the attack helicopter was ordered by the Soviet Council of Ministers on 14 December 1987. Development of the helicopter was first reported in the West in 1984. The first photograph appeared in 1989. Following initial flight testing and system tests the Council ordered the first batch of helicopters in 1990. The attack helicopter was first described publicly as the "Ka-50" in March 1992 at a symposium in the United Kingdom.
The helicopter was publicly unveiled at the Mosaeroshow '92 at Zhukovskiy, in August 1992. The following month, the second production example made its foreign debut at the Farnborough Airshow, where it was displayed with an image of a werewolf on its rudder—gaining the popular nickname "Werewolf". The fifth prototype gave the Ka-50 a particularly enduring designation. Painted black for its starring role in the movie Чёрная акула/Black Shark, the helicopter has been known by that nickname ever since. In November 1993, four production helicopters were flown to the Army Aviation Combat Training Centre at Torzhok to begin field trials. The president of the Russian Federation authorized the fielding of the Ka-50 with the Russian Army on 28 August 1995. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to a severe drop in defense procurement. This resulted in a mere dozen Ka-50s delivered, instead of the planned several hundred to replace the Mil Mi-24.
Kamov concluded after thorough research of helicopter combat in Afghanistan and other war zones that the typical attack mission phases of low-level approach, pop-up target acquisition and weapon launch do not simultaneously demand navigation, maneuvering and weapons operation of the pilot; and thus with well-designed support automation a single pilot can carry out the entire mission alone.[citation needed] During operational testing from 1985 to 1986, the workload on the pilot was found to be similar to that of a fighter-bomber pilot, and the pilot could perform both flying and navigation duties.
Like other Kamov helicopters, it features Kamov's characteristic contra-rotating co-axial rotor system, which removes the need for the entire tail rotor assembly and improves the aircraft's aerobatic qualities—it can perform loops, rolls and "the funnel" (circle-strafing),
where the aircraft maintains a line-of-sight to the target while flying
circles of varying altitude, elevation and airspeed around it. Using
two rotors means that a smaller rotor with slower-moving rotor tips can
be used, compared to a single-rotor design.[citation needed]
Since the speed of the advancing rotor tip is a primary limitation to
the maximum speed of a helicopter, this allows a faster maximum speed
than helicopters such as the AH-64.
The elimination of the tail rotor is a qualitative advantage, because
the torque-countering tail rotor can use up to 30% of engine power.
Furthermore, the vulnerable boom and rear gearbox are fairly common
causes of helicopter losses in combat; the Black Shark's entire
transmission presents a comparatively small target to ground fire
The single-seat configuration was considered undesirable by NATO. The first two Ka-50 prototypes had false windows painted on them. The "windows" evidently worked, as the first western reports of the aircraft were wildly inaccurate, to the point of some analysts even concluding its primary mission was as an air superiority aircraft for hunting and killing NATO attack helicopters. For improved pilot survivability the Ka-50 is fitted with a NPP Zvezda (transl. Star) K-37-800 ejection seat, which is a rare feature for a helicopter. Before the rocket in the ejection seat deploys, the rotor blades are blown away by explosive charges in the rotor disc and the canopy is jettisoned.
The Ka-50 and its modifications have been chosen as the special forces' support helicopter, while the Mil Mi-28 has become the main army's gunship. The production of Ka-50 was recommenced in 2006. In 2009, the Russian Air Force received three units, built from incomplete airframes dating from the mid-1990s
Двигател (и): 2 x ТВ3-117
Мощност: 2 x 2 198 к.с. (1 618 kW)
The Ka-50 is the production version of the V-80Sh-1 prototype. Production of the attack helicopter was ordered by the Soviet Council of Ministers on 14 December 1987. Development of the helicopter was first reported in the West in 1984. The first photograph appeared in 1989. Following initial flight testing and system tests the Council ordered the first batch of helicopters in 1990. The attack helicopter was first described publicly as the "Ka-50" in March 1992 at a symposium in the United Kingdom.
The helicopter was publicly unveiled at the Mosaeroshow '92 at Zhukovskiy, in August 1992. The following month, the second production example made its foreign debut at the Farnborough Airshow, where it was displayed with an image of a werewolf on its rudder—gaining the popular nickname "Werewolf". The fifth prototype gave the Ka-50 a particularly enduring designation. Painted black for its starring role in the movie Чёрная акула/Black Shark, the helicopter has been known by that nickname ever since. In November 1993, four production helicopters were flown to the Army Aviation Combat Training Centre at Torzhok to begin field trials. The president of the Russian Federation authorized the fielding of the Ka-50 with the Russian Army on 28 August 1995. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to a severe drop in defense procurement. This resulted in a mere dozen Ka-50s delivered, instead of the planned several hundred to replace the Mil Mi-24.
Kamov concluded after thorough research of helicopter combat in Afghanistan and other war zones that the typical attack mission phases of low-level approach, pop-up target acquisition and weapon launch do not simultaneously demand navigation, maneuvering and weapons operation of the pilot; and thus with well-designed support automation a single pilot can carry out the entire mission alone.[citation needed] During operational testing from 1985 to 1986, the workload on the pilot was found to be similar to that of a fighter-bomber pilot, and the pilot could perform both flying and navigation duties.
The single-seat configuration was considered undesirable by NATO. The first two Ka-50 prototypes had false windows painted on them. The "windows" evidently worked, as the first western reports of the aircraft were wildly inaccurate, to the point of some analysts even concluding its primary mission was as an air superiority aircraft for hunting and killing NATO attack helicopters. For improved pilot survivability the Ka-50 is fitted with a NPP Zvezda (transl. Star) K-37-800 ejection seat, which is a rare feature for a helicopter. Before the rocket in the ejection seat deploys, the rotor blades are blown away by explosive charges in the rotor disc and the canopy is jettisoned.
The Ka-50 and its modifications have been chosen as the special forces' support helicopter, while the Mil Mi-28 has become the main army's gunship. The production of Ka-50 was recommenced in 2006. In 2009, the Russian Air Force received three units, built from incomplete airframes dating from the mid-1990s
Kamov drafted a design in 1993 that included the Shkval-N sighting system with an infrared sensor.
Many versions were tried; on some the original "Shkval" was
supplemented by a thermal imaging system, while others saw a complete
replacement by the "Samshit" day-and-night system (also used on Ka-52).
Some of the imagers included in the trials were manufactured by the
French SAGEM and Thomson
companies. Kamov was forced to consider foreign analogues as a
temporary replacement for domestic imaging systemsbecause of their slow
development
Trials led to two "final" versions: Ka-50N ("Nochnoy/Night") and Ka-50Sh
("Shar/Sphere", because of the spherical FLIR turret). The first
Ka-50Sh was the 8th pre-production aircraft, Bort 018; it first flew on 4
March 1997. The Kamov company and Black Shark logos were displayed on
the endplate fins and the vertical tail. It featured the Samshit-50
system installed within a 640 mm (25 in) diameter sphere under the nose.
Shkval system was moved to the nose cone area. Neither of the Ka-50 night attack versions have entered full production.
The aircraft has one 2A42 30-mm gun.
This automatic cannon is mounted near the centre of fuselage and
carries 460 high-fragmentation, explosive incendiary, or armour-piercing
rounds. The type of ammunition is also selected by the pilot in the
flight. Integrated 30 mm cannon is semi-rigidly fixed on the
helicopter's side, movable only slightly in elevation and azimuth.
Semi-rigid mounting improves the cannon's accuracy, giving the 30 mm a
longer practical range and better hit ratio at medium ranges than with a
free-turning turret mount.
A substantial load of weapons is carried in four external hardpoints under the stub wings, plus two on the wingtips, a total of some 2,000 kg (depending on the mix). The pylons can be tilted to a 10-degree downward. Fuel tanks may be mounted on an suspension point, whenever necessary
Ka-50/52 can also carry several rocket pods, which include the S-13 and S-8 rockets. The "dumb" rocket pods could be upgraded to laser guided with the proposed Ugroza system
| t.Крайсерска скорост: | 270 км/ч. |
| Тегло (празен): | 7700 кг. |
| Макс. полетна маса: | 10800 кг. |
| Макс. боен товар: | кг. |
| Таван на полета: | 4 300 м. |
| Далечина на полета: | 520 км. |
| Екипаж: | 1 човек |
| Височина (с носещия винт): | 4,93 м. |
| Дължина: | 14,21 м. |
| Ширина: | ... м. |
| Диаметър на носещите винтове: | 14,50 м. |
| Максимална скорост: | 390 км/ч. (ограничена до 315 км/ч) |
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