T-72 ( main battle tank)

Т-72 е съветски основен боен танк, чието производство започва през 1971 г. и продължава до днес.Влиза на въоръжение в съветската армия през 1973 г. Серийното производство започва във вагоностроителния завод в град Нижни Тагил, Русия. Това е един от най-разпространените танкове на въоръжение днес, като много страни са разработили свои варианти на Т-72. От него произлиза и модерният Т-90.  Други варианти са украинският Т-84, румънският TR-125 и югославският М-84.

The T-72 is a Soviet second-generation main battle tank that entered production in 1971. It was developed directly from Obyekt-172, and shares parallel features with the T-64A. The T-72 was one of the most widely produced post–World War II tanks, second only to the T-54/55 family.
While the T-64 was perhaps the world's most advanced battle tank design when introduced, it was too expensive to issue to all the Soviet tank armies, let alone Warsaw Pact (WARPAC) allies. Therefore the parallel development of a so-called "mobilization model" was ordered, while T-64 development and production continued. An "economy" tank with the old design V-46 powerplant was developed from 1967 at the Uralvagonzavod Factory located in Nizhny Tagil. Chief engineer Leonid Kartsev created "Object 172", the initial design, but the prototype, marked "Object 172M", was refined and finished by Valeri Venediktov. Field trials lasted from 1971 to 1973 and upon acceptance the Chelyabinsk Tank factory immediately ceased T-55 and T-62 production to retool for the new T-72 tank. At least some technical documentation on the T-72 is known to have been passed to the CIA by the Polish Colonel Ryszard Kuklinski between 1971 and 1982.
The T-72 was the most common tank used by the Warsaw Pact from the 1970s to the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was also exported to other countries, such as Finland, India, Iran, Iraq, Syria and Yugoslavia, as well as being copied elsewhere, both with and without licenses. Licenced versions of the T-72 were made in Poland and Czechoslovakia, for WARPAC consumers. These tanks had better and more consistent quality of make but with inferior armour, lacking the resin-embedded ceramics layer inside the turret front and glacis armour, replaced with all steel. The Polish-made T-72G tanks also had thinner armour compared to Soviet Army standard (410 mm for turret). Before 1990, Soviet-made T-72 export versions were similarly downgraded for non-WARPAC customers (mostly the Arab countries). Many parts and tools are not interchangeable between the Russian, Polish and Czechoslovakian versions, which caused logistical problems. Yugoslavia developed the T-72 into the more advanced M-84, and sold hundreds of them around the world during the 1980s. The Iraqis called their T-72 copies the "Lion of Babylon" (Asad Babil). These Iraqi tanks were assembled from "spare parts" sold to them by Russia as a means of evading the UN-imposed weapons embargo. More modern derivatives include the Polish PT-91 Twardy. Several countries, including Russia and Ukraine, also offer modernization packages for older T-72s.
Various versions of the T-72 have been in production for decades, and the specifications for its armour have changed considerably. Original T-72 tanks had homogeneous cast steel armour incorporating spaced armour technology and were moderately well protected by the standards of the early 1970s. In 1979, the Soviets began building T-72 modification with composite armour similar to the T-64 composite armour, in the front of the turret and the front of the hull. Late in the 1980s, T-72 tanks in Soviet inventory (and many of those elsewhere in the world as well) were fitted with reactive armour tiles.
Laser rangefinders appear in T-72 tanks since 1978; earlier examples were equipped with parallax optical rangefinders, which could not be used for distances under 1,000 metres (1,100 yd). Some export versions of the T-72 lacked the laser rangefinder until 1985 or only the squadron and platoon commander tanks (version K) received them. After 1985, all newly made T-72s came with reactive armour as standard, the more powerful 840 bhp (630 kW) V-84 engine and an upgraded design main gun, which can fire guided anti-tank missiles from the barrel. With these developments the T-72 eventually became almost as powerful as the more expensive T-80 tank, but few of these late variants reached the economically ailing WARPAC allies and foreign customers before the Soviet bloc fell apart in 1990. Since 2000, export vehicles have been offered with thermal imaging night-vision gear of French manufacture as well (though it may be more likely that they might simply use the locally manufactured 'Buran-Catherine' system, which incorporates a French thermal imager). Depleted uranium armour-piercing ammunition for the 125 mm (4.9 in) gun has been manufactured in Russia in the form of the BM-32 projectile since around 1978, though it has never been deployed, and is less penetrating than the later tungsten BM-42 and the newer BM-42M.

Kamov Ka-50 "Black Shark"

Attack helicopter

 Камов Ka-50 "Черна акула" (Руски: Чёрная акула, обозначение на НАТО: Hokum A) е едноместен руски боен хеликоптер с отличителна съосна роторна система, разработен от конструкторското бюро Камов и предназначен за поразяване на бронетанкова и механизирана техника, въздуши цели и пехота. Създаден е през 80-те години на 20 век и е приет на въоръжение в Руската армия през 1995г.В момента се произвежда от компанията Прогрес в Арсениев. 

Предназначение: многоцелеви.
 Двигател (и): 2 x ТВ3-117
 Мощност: 2 x 2 198 к.с. (1 618 kW)

The Ka-50 is the production version of the V-80Sh-1 prototype. Production of the attack helicopter was ordered by the Soviet Council of Ministers on 14 December 1987. Development of the helicopter was first reported in the West in 1984. The first photograph appeared in 1989. Following initial flight testing and system tests the Council ordered the first batch of helicopters in 1990. The attack helicopter was first described publicly as the "Ka-50" in March 1992 at a symposium in the United Kingdom.
The helicopter was publicly unveiled at the Mosaeroshow '92 at Zhukovskiy, in August 1992. The following month, the second production example made its foreign debut at the Farnborough Airshow, where it was displayed with an image of a werewolf on its rudder—gaining the popular nickname "Werewolf". The fifth prototype gave the Ka-50 a particularly enduring designation. Painted black for its starring role in the movie Чёрная акула/Black Shark, the helicopter has been known by that nickname ever since. In November 1993, four production helicopters were flown to the Army Aviation Combat Training Centre at Torzhok to begin field trials. The president of the Russian Federation authorized the fielding of the Ka-50 with the Russian Army on 28 August 1995. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to a severe drop in defense procurement. This resulted in a mere dozen Ka-50s delivered, instead of the planned several hundred to replace the Mil Mi-24.
Kamov concluded after thorough research of helicopter combat in Afghanistan and other war zones that the typical attack mission phases of low-level approach, pop-up target acquisition and weapon launch do not simultaneously demand navigation, maneuvering and weapons operation of the pilot; and thus with well-designed support automation a single pilot can carry out the entire mission alone.^{[citation needed]} During operational testing from 1985 to 1986, the workload on the pilot was found to be similar to that of a fighter-bomber pilot, and the pilot could perform both flying and navigation duties.

 Like other Kamov helicopters, it features Kamov's characteristic contra-rotating co-axial rotor system, which removes the need for the entire tail rotor assembly and improves the aircraft's aerobatic qualities—it can perform loops, rolls and "the funnel" (circle-strafing), where the aircraft maintains a line-of-sight to the target while flying circles of varying altitude, elevation and airspeed around it. Using two rotors means that a smaller rotor with slower-moving rotor tips can be used, compared to a single-rotor design.^{[citation needed]} Since the speed of the advancing rotor tip is a primary limitation to the maximum speed of a helicopter, this allows a faster maximum speed than helicopters such as the AH-64. The elimination of the tail rotor is a qualitative advantage, because the torque-countering tail rotor can use up to 30% of engine power. Furthermore, the vulnerable boom and rear gearbox are fairly common causes of helicopter losses in combat; the Black Shark's entire transmission presents a comparatively small target to ground fire

The single-seat configuration was considered undesirable by NATO. The first two Ka-50 prototypes had false windows painted on them. The "windows" evidently worked, as the first western reports of the aircraft were wildly inaccurate, to the point of some analysts even concluding its primary mission was as an air superiority aircraft for hunting and killing NATO attack helicopters. For improved pilot survivability the Ka-50 is fitted with a NPP Zvezda (transl. Star) K-37-800 ejection seat, which is a rare feature for a helicopter. Before the rocket in the ejection seat deploys, the rotor blades are blown away by explosive charges in the rotor disc and the canopy is jettisoned.

The Ka-50 and its modifications have been chosen as the special forces' support helicopter, while the Mil Mi-28 has become the main army's gunship. The production of Ka-50 was recommenced in 2006. In 2009, the Russian Air Force received three units, built from incomplete airframes dating from the mid-1990s

From the time the Ka-50 was ordered in 1987 it was known that the limited night-time capability of the original Ka-50 version would have to be upgraded to meet night attack requirements. Initially, Ka-50N was to be have been fitted with the Merkury Low-Light TV (LLTV) system. Due to a lack of funding, the system was late and experienced reliability and capability issues. As a result, focus shifted to forward looking infrared (FLIR) systems.

Kamov drafted a design in 1993 that included the Shkval-N sighting system with an infrared sensor. Many versions were tried; on some the original "Shkval" was supplemented by a thermal imaging system, while others saw a complete replacement by the "Samshit" day-and-night system (also used on Ka-52). Some of the imagers included in the trials were manufactured by the French SAGEM and Thomson companies. Kamov was forced to consider foreign analogues as a temporary replacement for domestic imaging systemsbecause of their slow development

 Trials led to two "final" versions: Ka-50N ("Nochnoy/Night") and Ka-50Sh ("Shar/Sphere", because of the spherical FLIR turret). The first Ka-50Sh was the 8th pre-production aircraft, Bort 018; it first flew on 4 March 1997. The Kamov company and Black Shark logos were displayed on the endplate fins and the vertical tail. It featured the Samshit-50 system installed within a 640 mm (25 in) diameter sphere under the nose. Shkval system was moved to the nose cone area. Neither of the Ka-50 night attack versions have entered full production.

The aircraft has one 2A42 30-mm gun. This automatic cannon is mounted near the centre of fuselage and carries 460 high-fragmentation, explosive incendiary, or armour-piercing rounds. The type of ammunition is also selected by the pilot in the flight. Integrated 30 mm cannon is semi-rigidly fixed on the helicopter's side, movable only slightly in elevation and azimuth. Semi-rigid mounting improves the cannon's accuracy, giving the 30 mm a longer practical range and better hit ratio at medium ranges than with a free-turning turret mount.

The fire control system automatically shares all target information in real time, allowing one helicopter to engage a target spotted by another aircraft, and the system can also input target information from ground-based forward scouts with personnel-carried target designation gear.
A substantial load of weapons is carried in four external hardpoints under the stub wings, plus two on the wingtips, a total of some 2,000 kg (depending on the mix). The pylons can be tilted to a 10-degree downward. Fuel tanks may be mounted on an suspension point, whenever necessary

Anti-tank armament are the twelve laser-guided Vikhr anti-tank missiles (transl. Vortex or whirlwind), with a maximum range of some 8 km. The laser guidance is reported to be virtually jam-proof and the system features automatic guidance to target, enabling evasive action immediately after missile launch.
Ka-50/52 can also carry several rocket pods, which include the S-13 and S-8 rockets. The "dumb" rocket pods could be upgraded to laser guided with the proposed Ugroza system

t.Крайсерска скорост:	270 км/ч.
Тегло (празен):	7700 кг.
Макс. полетна маса:	10800 кг.
Макс. боен товар:	кг.
Таван на полета:	4 300 м.
Далечина на полета:	520 км.
Екипаж:	1 човек

Височина (с носещия винт):	4,93 м.
Дължина:	14,21 м.
Ширина:	... м.
Диаметър на носещите винтове:	14,50 м.
Максимална скорост:	390 км/ч. (ограничена до 315 км/ч)

БМП-23

Корпусът на машината е подобен на този на 2С1 Гвоздика, но е по-широк и по-нисък, и е модифициран да пренася до 7 войници. Куполът е въоръжен с 23-милиметрово автоматично оръдие и по конструкция е сходен с купола на БМП-2. Допълнителното въоръжение включва лека картечница ПКТ и 2 (в по-късните варианти 4) ПТУР 9М14 Малютка или 9К111 Фагот. Основното предимство на БМП-23 е по-големият размер на корпуса, благодарение на който транспортното отделение за войниците не е толкова тясно както при БМП-1. Машината е амфибия и има максимална скорост във вода 4,5 км/ч. Снабдена е с ЯХБЗ, климатик и система за нощно виждане. Произведени са около 120 машини.
тип БМП опитен образец  г. на въоръжение от 1985 г. на въоръжение в България  дължина 7,28 м ширина 3,05 м височина 2,53 м тегло 15,2 т окачване торсионно макс. скорост 62 км/ч (по шосе) 30 км/ч (прес. терен) запас от ход 600 км (по шосе) {{{запас от ход по пресечен терен}}} км (прес. терен) широчина на ров 3 метра м вертикално препятствие  м основно въоръжение 23 mm автоматично оръдие 2А14 (450 снаряда) допълнително въоръжение 9М14 Малютка (2-4), 7,62 mm картечница ПКТ (2 000 патрона) броня 10 мм силова установка дизелов ЯМЗ-238 315 к.с. ( kW) екипаж 3 + 7 пътници

Ми-24

Ми-24 е двумоторен, боен хеликоптер, създаден за поддръжка на наземните сили, нападение над въоръжени цели и пренасяне на пътници или товар. Неговият дизайн е класически с 5 лопатен главен винт и 3 лопатен опашен. Развитието на хеликоптера започва в средата на 60-те, като е заложено на динамиката, бойната сила и други компоненти от Ми-8. Първият прототип, все още с двигател "TV2-117", излита през Септември 1969. Характеристиката му включва кабина свързана с отсек за десант, който е 2.83м. дълъг, 1.46м. широк и 1.2м. висок. Способен е да превозва до 8 десантника които могат да стрелят през индивидуални отвори. Отсека е достъпен през вертикално разположени врати от всяка страна на корпуса. Хеликоптерът има крило с разпереност 6.536м., което може да облекчи винта с около 30% при по-висока скорост. Хеликоптерът е снабден с двигатели TV3-117 (2 x 1638 кВ.).
Ми-24А е първата версия в серийно производство след 1972 г., а Ми-24Д е значително подобрена версия на Ми-24А. Той влиза на въоръжение през 1976 г.
Пилотската кабината е двуместна с тандемно разположение на пилотите - оператор-стрелец отпред и командир по-високо отзад и са затворени със силно изпъкнали фанари.

Отпред, под носа се намира подвижен лафет с четири цевно 12.7мм. оръдие 9A624 с боен запас от 1470 снаряда. Допълнителното въоръжение се монтира на четирите подкрилни пилона. То може да включва 4 контейнера УБ-32 с по 32 бр. 57 мм НУРСа С-5 във всеки, 4 бр. 100 или 200 килограмови бомби, 2 бр. 500 кг. бомби или еквивалентни разпръсквачи на напалм. Друг вариант на въоръжение може да включва пускови системи за 122 мм НУРС. От две сдвоени тръбни пускови устройства могат да бъдат изстрелвани 4 бр. противотанкови ракети от системата 9M17P - "Фаланга".
Ми-24ДУ е тренировъчна версия на Ми-24Д без оръдие.
Ми-24В (Hind-E), е друга модификация на базовия Ми-24Д с възможност да използва по-ефективната противотанкова система "Щурм-В" с радио-управляеми ракети 9M114 (AT-6 Спирала). Осигурена е възможност да се използват пусковите устройства Б-8В за по 20 бр. НУРС от типа С-8, контейнера УПК-23-250 с две двуцевни оръдия ГШ-23Л и запас от по 250 снаряда, универсалния контейнер ГУВ-9А оборудван с автоматичен 30 мм гранатомет - 9-A-800 или 4 цевно 12.7 мм оръдие 9-A-624 и две 4 цевни 7.62 мм картечници 9-A-622. Оборудван е с двигатели TV3-117V които имат подобрени височинни характеристики, смесители за охлаждане на изходящите газове и допълнителни 450 л. резервоари.